Diversity and Homogenization of a Community of Euglossini Bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae) in Two Urban Forest Remnants in State of Bahia, Brazil
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.48017/dj.v10i1.2963Keywords:
Euglossine, Eulaema nigrita, Euglossa cordata, orchid bees, urban ecosystemsAbstract
Euglossini bees are a key pollinator group in the Neotropics, and as they are related to tropical forests, they are considered bioindicators of that environment. The present study aimed to investigate the community of male orchid bees in two urban forest fragments in Salvador, Bahia State, Brazil. The data comprise samples of aromatic baits in monthly campaigns from June/2018 to May/2020. We calculated the Shannon-Wiener richness index (H’) and the Pielou evenness index (J’) for each fragment studied. We used circular statistics to test for the abundance and seasonality of the most abundant species. In total, we collected n = 577 individuals of eight species. Euglossa cordata and Eulaema nigrita were the most abundant species and together accounted for over 92% of the total in both areas. Euglossine richness: H’site A = 0.92 and H’site B = -0.84 and similarity: J’site A = 0.51 and J’site B = -0.41 were similar between areas. The results confirm the absence of seasonality patterns and relationship with climate variables (p > 0.05). The homogenization of species composition in the fragments and the abundance of indicator species of anthropic environments and generalist species rekindle the discussion regarding the maintenance of ecosystem services in forest remnants of different sizes surrounded by an urban or peri-urban matrix. Forest fragments are a reality in large cities located in original areas of the Atlantic Forest biome, and they can be important for maintaining the urban pollinator fauna.
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