Political Branding: The use of campaign color as symbolism of platforms among the presidential candidates in the 2022 elections

Authors

  • Christal Jane Alturas University of Baguio. Baguio City, Philippines.
  • Jessica Khendy Balanza University of Baguio. Baguio City, Philippines
  • Precious Lyca Cabalse University of Baguio. Baguio City, Philippines
  • Khrist Jaira Ignacio University of Baguio. Baguio City, Philippines
  • Alexander Jr Killip Assistant Professor,University of Baguio, Baguio City, Philippines
  • Khristine Claire Nicdao University of Baguio. Baguio City, Philippines

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.48017/dj.v9iSpecial1.2831

Keywords:

political branding, presidential campaign, Philippine elections

Abstract

In a very complex nature of politics, color serves as a low-level heuristic for voters, especially the use of campaign color as a symbolism of platforms. This study sought to determine the level of agreement on the universal meaning of the different colors chosen by the Presidential candidates during the 2022 national elections; the level of agreement if the political colors of the presidential candidates and its representation to their political platforms; and if these chosen political colors correspond to the platforms of the presidential candidates among the students of the School of Teachers and Liberal Arts of the University of Baguio. A mixed method with a self-constructed questionnaire using the Likert Scale to determine the level of agreement among the 143 respondents and an interview with 8 informants among the students was used in this study. The study revealed that the color Red is the most misinterpreted color because of its historical and psychological connotations which led to its negative symbolism. While both Pink and Blue, showed a positive result because of their psychological, cultural, and political aspect. Furthermore, all colors aligned with their platforms except the color Red by Marcos with his platform about Unity. Additionally, the presidential candidates' platforms were based on their personal and political factors. Overall, the research suggests that there’s still no established meaning of political colors in our country and that voters still take issue with what the colors truly represent.

Metrics

Metrics Loading ...

Author Biographies

Christal Jane Alturas, University of Baguio. Baguio City, Philippines.

0009-0008-9776-1864; University of Baguio. Baguio City, Philippines. 2019444@s.ubaguio.edu

Jessica Khendy Balanza, University of Baguio. Baguio City, Philippines

0009-0007-9745-1555; University of Baguio. Baguio City, Philippines. 20191074@s.ubaguio.edu

Precious Lyca Cabalse, University of Baguio. Baguio City, Philippines

0009-0006-1776-1864; University of Baguio. Baguio City, Philippines. 20190152@s.ubaguio.edu

Khrist Jaira Ignacio, University of Baguio. Baguio City, Philippines

0009-0003-5551-1345; University of Baguio. Baguio City, Philippines. 20191074@s.ubaguio.edu

Alexander Jr Killip, Assistant Professor,University of Baguio, Baguio City, Philippines

0009-0000-5213-0745; Assistant Professor,University of Baguio, Baguio City, Philippines, Email: killipalexander1001@gmail.com

Khristine Claire Nicdao, University of Baguio. Baguio City, Philippines

0009-0008-9776-1864; University of Baguio. Baguio City, Philippines. 20191074@s.ubaguio.edu

References

Aslam, M. M. (2006). Are You Selling the Right Colour? A Cross‐cultural Review of Colour as a

Marketing Cue. Journal of Marketing Communications, 12(1), 15–30. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13527260500247827

BBC. (2012). Profile: Thailand’s Reds and Yellows. BBC News. https://www.bbc.com/news/world-

asia-pacific-13294268

Burlington Press. (2020). How Color Theory Can Propel Your Political Campaign to the Podium.

https://burlingtonpress.com/2020/10/11/how-color-theory-can-propel-your-political-campaign-to-the-podium/

Business World. (2022). Five Presidential Candidates Lay Down Specifics of their Plans.

https://www.bworldonline.com/the-nation/2022/02/04/427936/five-presidential-candidates-lay-down-specifics-of-their-plans/

Castellon, J. (2016). Political Branding in Chaotic Times of Election Campaigning. My

Brand Bureau. https://justcastellon.blog/tag/political-branding-in-the-philippines/

Castro, M. (2021). From Pink To Yellow—The Meaning Behind Party Colors. MEGA Magazine. https://mega.onemega.com/the-meaning-behind-party-colors/

Center for Civic Design. (2016). Voter guides: Using Color Effectively. Retrieved August 11, 2022, from

https://civicdesign.org/voter-guides-using-color-effectively/?fbclid=IwAR1q7wf77TeUef

Cerulo, K. (1995). Identity Designs: The Sights and Sounds of a Nation. New Brunswick. New Jersey:

Rutgers University Press, 23(2). https://sociology.rutgers .edu/faculty-book/841-identity-designs-the-sights-and-sounds-of-a-nation-the-arn Old-and-caroline-rose-book-series-of-the-american-sociological-association

Cuervo-Cazurra, A., Doh, J. P., Giuliani, E., Montiel, I., & Park, J. (2022). The United Nations’

Sustainable Development Goals: Pros and Cons for Managers of Multinationals. AIB Insights, 22(1), 1-6. https://insights.aib.world/article/32530-the-united-nations-sustainable-development-goals-pros-and-cons-for-managers-of-multinationals

Del Rosario, L. Q. (2021). The 2022 Elections' Primary Colors. Miriam College News and Events.

https://www.mc.edu.ph/news/ArticleID/4168/2022-elections-primary-colors

Dimaano, T. Y. (2022). Painting PH: The Colors of Philippine Politics. UPLB Perspective.

https://uplbperspective.org/2022/04/07/painting-ph-the-colors-of-philippine-politics/?fbclid=IwAR1eY6mJ9iIVRzT62Ju5ECvDctBoKXqHZdIRyf PV-XdAXusgMh1DJPXxxS4

Elliot, A. J., & Maier, M. A. (2012). Color-in-context theory. Advances in experimental social

psychology, 45, 61–125. https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2012-12724-002

Fine, G. A., Montemurro, B., Semora, B., Stalp, M. C., Claussen, D. S., & Sierra, Z. (1998). Social Order through a Prism: Color as Collective Representation. Sociological Inquiry, 68(4), 443-57. https://academic.csuohio.edu/kneuendorf/frames/color/Fine1998.pdf

Gill, G., & Angosto-Ferrandez, L. F. (2018). Introduction: Symbolism and Politics. Politics, Religion &

Ideology. Politics, Religion & Ideology, 19(4), 429–433. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/21567689.2018.1539436

GMA News Online. (2022). Election Results. Retrieved August 11, 2022, from

https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/eleksyon2022/

Ioana, A. (2017). Why Most People’s Favorite Color is Blue. Medium. https://medium.com/the-

peruser/why-most-peoples-favorite-color-is-blue-bd84fc4e4dfb

Kanchier, C. (2018). What the Colors You Wear Say About You! The Psychology of Colour in Business

Photography. https://www.verveportraits.com.au/blog /the-psychology-of-colour-in-business-photography/

Killip Jr., A. G. (2021). Traces of Ato as a Judicial Institution in the Lupon of Talubin, Bontoc, Mt.

Province. International Journal of Management, Entrepreneurship, Social Science and Humanities, 4(1), 76–95. https://doi.org/10.31098/ijmesh.v4i1.582

Klein, S. (2018). The Fading of a Political Colour. Goethe-Institut.

https://www.goethe.de/en/kul/ges/eu2/kar/21254970.html?fbclid=IwAR3ZejnDPEd9WP4_8LgmWples9jVvDjCUJTG4phPhVPlyyyXW3odDKdNtFE

Kuniecki, M., Pilarczyk, J., & Wichary, S. (2015). The color red attracts attention in an emotional

context. An ERP study. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 9. doi:10.3389/fnhum.2015.00212

Marini, L. (2017). Red Parties and Blue Parties. The Politics of Party Colours: Use and Perception of

Non-Verbal Cues of Ideology. 1 - 19. https://www.psa.ac.uk/sites/default/files/conference/papers/2017/Marini_PSA2017_Colours_0.pdf

Monroe, A. D. (1983). American Party Platforms and Public Opinion. American Journal of Political

Science, 27(1), 27-42. https://doi.org/10.2307/2111051

Palatino, M. (2022). Introducing the Colors of the Philippine Election. The Diplomat.

https://thediplomat.com/2022/03/introducing-the-colors-of-the-philippine-election

Patag, K. J. (2022). It's 'Unity, Unity, Unity' for UniTeam's Presidential Bet Marcos.

Philstar Global. https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2022/02/09/2159653/Its-unity-unity-unity-uniteams-presidential-bet-marcos

Super Color Digital. (2020). The Meaning of the Color Blue. https://www.supercolor.com/blog/the-

meaning-of-the-color-blue/?fbclid=IwAR2

KWo1LA0ysucNThuPgkXPMv5cGLwzxW3NhWdRKikWUJt2l_laSgDAS-F8

United Nations Department of Global Communications. (2020). Sustainable Development Goals.

Guidelines For The Use of The SDG Logo Including The Colour Wheel, and 17 ICONS., 67 - 68.

https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/wp content/uploads/2019/01/SDG_Guidelines_AUG_2019_Final.pdf

Vote Pilipinas. (2022). Presidential and Vice Presidential candidates. Retrieved August 11, 2022, from

https://votepilipinas.com/our-campaigns-cpd.html

Wadsworth, C. (2014). Political ‘Brand’ Colours. The Fount. Retrieved from

https://www.thefount.co.nz/articles/political-brand-colours?fbclid=IwAR3AahJN

qk388o_Iwa9d_DF-6CqoI2QwGcG0LjZgTmpA0KkW4WWF-X3Ekvc

Welle, D. (2022, April 28). Philippine elections: The many colours, and their significance. The Indian

Express Journalism of Courage. https://indianexpress .com/article/explained/philippines-elections-colour-politics-explained-7891410/

Downloads

Published

2024-03-10

How to Cite

Alturas, C. J., Balanza, J. K., Cabalse, P. L., Ignacio, K. J., Killip, A. J., & Nicdao, K. C. (2024). Political Branding: The use of campaign color as symbolism of platforms among the presidential candidates in the 2022 elections. Diversitas Journal, 9(1_Special). https://doi.org/10.48017/dj.v9iSpecial1.2831