Deficiência de vitamina A em crianças brasileiras: uma revisão sistemática da literatura
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.17648/diversitas-journal-v6i1-1301Abstract
ABSTRACT: Introduction: The Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) is considered a public health issue in many developing countries, as Brazil, affecting mainly children. Objective: To review the articles that addressed hypovitaminosis A in preschool children in Brazil in the years following the implementation of the “Vitamina A Mais Program”. Methodological procedures: It was carried out a systematic review of cross-sectional articles, published between January 2005 and April 2020, in the electronic databases SciELO, MedLine and LILACS. The search strategy included the following descriptors in English: “vitamin A deficiency”, “children” and “Brazil” (and its correspondents in Portuguese and Spanish). Results: Overall, 183 articles were identified, and 15 were included. The percentage of children with VAD oscillated between 7.0% to 45.4%. The weighted average prevalence of VDA by the respective sample sizes of 20.6%. The most important associated factors encompassed characteristics of the child (lower child age, male sex, low birth weight, high concentrations of C-reactive protein, low concentrations of ferritin and hemoglobin, and low protein consumption), motherhood factors (lower maternal age, underweight and low concentration of hemoglobin), and unfavorable social and environmental factors. Conclusion: Studies point to VAD as a serious public health problem in Brazilian children under five years old, even after the implementation of the National Vitamin A Program.
KEYWORDS: Child Nutrition, Vitamin A Deficiency, Brazil.
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